Second Trimester
Introduction to Alkenes
Definition and structure of alkenes
Importance and applications in organic chemistry
II. Electrophilic Addition Reactions
Overview of electrophilic addition mechanism
Why alkenes are susceptible to electrophilic attack
III. Addition of HBr to Alkenes
Detailed mechanism of the addition reaction
Role of bromonium ion formation
Stereochemistry considerations
IV. Markovnikov's Rule
Explanation of Markovnikov's rule
Application to addition of HBr to alkenes
Examples and practice problems
V. Anti-Markovnikov Addition
Introduction to Anti-Markovnikov addition
Mechanism and its significance
Cases where Anti-Markovnikov addition occurs
VI. Factors Affecting Markovnikov vs. Anti-Markovnikov Addition
Impact of peroxide (ROOR) in HBr addition
Radical mechanism overview
Stereochemical outcomes
VII. Practical Applications and Examples
Real-world examples illustrating Markovnikov and Anti-Markovnikov additions
Chemical synthesis implications
VIII. Conclusion
Recap of key points discussed
Importance of understanding alkene reactions in organic synthesis